KVM虚拟机安装

# 创建和管理虚拟机

可以使用virt-manager命令行，XML文件等方法创建。

使用的宿主机环境为VMware虚拟机，需要在宿主机CentOS中开启嵌套虚拟化：

# 默认没有开启
$ cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested
N
# 重新加载kvm内核
$ sudo modprobe -r kvm_intel
$ sudo modprobe  kvm_intel nested=1
# 再次查看
$  cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested
Y

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# 使用virt-manager创建虚拟机

使用命令行virt-manager启动：

或

[root@localhost ~]# virt-manager

创建虚拟机：

将系统iso上传到宿主机的/var/lib/libvirt/images，光驱文件选择iso：

设置cpu和内存：

设置存储，磁盘放置在default存储池中：

设置网络为br0网桥：

图形⽅式（⾮常重要⾮常简单）
完全⽂本模式（现场配置虚拟机的规格）
命令⾏模式（重中之重最常⽤模板镜像+配置⽂件⽅式配置规格）

# 使用命令⾏模式创建虚拟机（重中之重最常⽤模板镜像+配置⽂件⽅式配置规格）

# 虚拟机配置⽂件

# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu

networks vm1.xml

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# 虚拟机的存储文件

# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/

vm1.qcow2

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# 操作步骤

需要有磁盘镜像⽂件：

[root@localhost ~]# sudo cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.qcow2

需要有配置⽂件

[root@localhost ~]# sudo cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm1.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm2.xml

配置⽂件需要修改必要的内容

[root@localhost ~]# sudo vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm2.xml

修改为如下内容，主要修改了

vm2 修改名称

0f6069e0-652e-4107-8675-1bf8548449b9 随便可以修改一位
修改最后的名称即可
mac地址只能修改后3段，即：1f:c1:d1

<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit vm1
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>vm2</name>
  <uuid>0f6069e0-652e-4107-8675-1bf8548449b9</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
    <model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS</model>
    <feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.qcow2'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='direct'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:1f:c1:d1'/>
      <source dev='ens33' mode='bridge'/>
      <model type='rtl8139'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='spicevmc'>
      <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
      <listen type='address'/>
      <image compression='off'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ich6'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </redirdev>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
    </redirdev>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>

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创建虚拟机: [root@localhost ~]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm2.xml
使用virt-manager进入到虚拟机管理界面，启动虚拟机

Last Updated: 2025/06/18, 08:59:15

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